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<title>Weather vane</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Weather vane</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Weathercock" redirects here. For what is commonly referred to as a "weathercock" in the U.S. and Canada, see <a href="Windpump" title="Windpump">Windpump</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For similar terms, see <a href="Weathervanes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Weathervanes (disambiguation)">Weathervanes</a>.</div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/weather_vane" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:weather vane"> weather vane</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

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<p>A <b>wind vane</b>, <b>weather vane</b>, or <b>weathercock</b> is a type of <a href="Anemoscope" title="Anemoscope">anemoscope</a> used for showing the <a href="Wind_direction" title="Wind direction">direction</a> of the <a href="Wind" title="Wind">wind</a>. It is typically used as an architectural ornament to the highest point of a building. The word <i>vane</i> comes from the <a href="Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">fana</i></span>, meaning "flag".

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<p>Although partly functional, wind vanes are generally decorative, often featuring the traditional <a href="Chicken" title="Chicken">cockerel</a> design with letters indicating the <a href="Points_of_the_compass" title="Points of the compass">points of the compass</a>. Other common motifs include ships, arrows, and horses. Not all wind vanes have pointers. In a sufficiently strong wind, the head of the arrow or cockerel (or equivalent) will indicate the direction from which the wind is blowing.

</p><p>Wind vanes are also found on small <a href="Wind_turbines" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind turbines">wind turbines</a> to keep the wind turbine pointing into the wind. If employed on a boat, they are referred to as <a href="Apparent_wind_indicator" title="Apparent wind indicator">apparent wind indicators</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The oldest known textual references to weather vanes date from 1800-1600 BCE Babylon, where a <a href="Fable" title="Fable">fable</a> called <i>The Fable of the Willow</i> describes people looking at a weather vane "for the direction of the wind."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In China, the <i><a href="Huainanzi" title="Huainanzi">Huainanzi</a></i>, dating from around 139 BC, mentions a thread or streamer that another commentator interprets as "wind-observing fan" (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">hou feng shin</i></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-TW">侯風扇</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Needham_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Needham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="Tower_of_the_Winds" title="Tower of the Winds">Tower of the Winds</a> in the <i><a href="Agora" title="Agora">agora</a></i> in Hellenistic <a href="Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> once bore on its roof a weather vane in the form of a bronze <a href="Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a> holding a rod in his outstretched hand, rotating as the wind changed direction. Below this a <a href="Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a> depicted the eight Greek <a href="Wind_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind gods">wind deities</a>. The eight-metre-high structure also featured <a href="Sundial" title="Sundial">sundials</a>, and a <a href="Water_clock" title="Water clock">water clock</a> inside. It dated from around 50 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Military documents from the <a href="Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period of China (220–280 AD) refer to the weather vane as "five ounces" (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">wu liang</i></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-TW">五兩</span></span>), named after the weight of its materials.<sup id="cite_ref-Needham_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Needham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the third century, Chinese weather vanes were shaped like birds and took the name of "wind-indicating bird" (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="Xiangfeng_wu" title="Xiangfeng wu">xiang feng wu</a></i></span>, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-TW">相風烏</span></span>). The <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Sanfu huangtu</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-TW">三輔黃圖</span></span>), a third-century book written by Miao Changyan about the palaces at <a href="Chang'an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, describes a bird-shaped weather vane situated on a tower roof.<sup id="cite_ref-Needham_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Needham-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The oldest surviving weather vane with the shape of a rooster is the <i>Gallo di Ramperto</i>, made in 820 and now preserved in the <a href="Museo_di_Santa_Giulia" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo di Santa Giulia">Museo di Santa Giulia</a> in <a href="Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>, <a href="Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Vikings were known for creating ornamental, gilded weathervanes. They were originally crafted to adorn longships, however, became reappropriated for church use after the ships were retired.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A notable example is the <a href="S%C3%B6derala_vane" title="Söderala vane">Söderala vane</a> from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1050.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3></div>

<p><a href="Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a> (in office 590 to 604) regarded the cockerel as "the most suitable emblem of Christianity", being the emblem of <a href="Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> (a reference to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#22:34" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 22:34</a> in which <a href="Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> predicts that Peter will deny him three times before the rooster crows).<sup id="cite_ref-Forlong_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forlong-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Antiquary_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antiquary-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Pope Leo IV</a> (in office 847 to 855) had a weathercock placed on the <a href="Old_St._Peter's_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a> or old <a href="Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantinian</a> basilica.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of this,<sup id="cite_ref-Forlong_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forlong-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rooster representations gradually came into use as a weather vanes on church steeples, and in the ninth century <a href="Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonianmag.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonianmag.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in office 858 to 867) ordered the figure to be placed on every church steeple.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

The <a href="Bayeux_Tapestry" title="Bayeux Tapestry">Bayeux Tapestry</a>, likely commissioned by Bishop <a href="Odo_of_Bayeux" title="Odo of Bayeux">Odo of Bayeux</a> in the 1070s, depicts a man installing a <a href="Rooster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">weathercock</a> on <a href="Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>One alternative theory about the origin of weathercocks on church steeples sees them as emblems of the vigilance of the clergy calling the people to prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another theory says that the weathercock was not a Christian symbol<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but an emblem of the sun<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> derived from the Goths.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>A few churches used weather vanes in the shape of the <a href="Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism"> emblems</a> of their patron saints. The <a href="City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a> has two surviving examples. The weather vane of <a href="St_Peter_upon_Cornhill" title="St Peter upon Cornhill">St Peter upon Cornhill</a> is not in the shape of a rooster, but of a <a href="Keys_of_Saint_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Keys of Saint Peter"> key</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="St_Lawrence_Jewry" title="St Lawrence Jewry">St Lawrence Jewry</a>'s weather vane has the form of a <a href="Gridiron_(cooking)" title="Gridiron (cooking)"> gridiron</a> (symbolising <a href="Saint_Lawrence" title="Saint Lawrence">Saint Lawrence</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2></div>

<p>Early weather-vanes had very ornamental pointers, but modern weather-vanes usually feature simple arrows that dispense with the directionals because the instrument is connected to a remote reading station. An early example of this was installed in the Royal Navy's <a href="Admiralty_buildings" title="Admiralty buildings">Admiralty</a> building in London – the vane on the roof was mechanically linked to a large dial in the boardroom so senior officers were always aware of the wind direction when they met.

</p><p>Modern aerovanes combine the directional vane with an <a href="Anemometer" title="Anemometer">anemometer</a> (a device for measuring the speed of the wind). Co-locating both instruments allows them to use the same axis (a vertical rod) and provides a coordinated readout.

</p><p>According to the <a href="Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>, the <a href="World's_largest_weather_vane" class="mw-redirect" title="World's largest weather vane">world's largest weather vane</a> is a <a href="T%C3%ADo_Pepe" title="Tío Pepe">Tío Pepe</a> <a href="Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a> advertisement located in <a href="Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez</a>, Spain. The city of <a href="Montague%2C_Michigan" title="Montague, Michigan">Montague, Michigan</a> also claims to have the largest standard-design weather vane, being a ship and arrow which measures 48 feet (15 m) tall, with an arrow 26 feet (7.9 m) long.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A challenger for the title of the world's largest weather vane is located in <a href="Whitehorse%2C_Yukon" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehorse, Yukon">Whitehorse, Yukon</a> in Canada. The weather vane is a retired <a href="Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a> CF-CPY atop a swiveling support. Located at the Yukon Transportation Museum<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beside <a href="Whitehorse_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehorse International Airport">Whitehorse International Airport</a>, the weather vane is used by pilots to determine wind direction, used as a landmark by tourists and enjoyed by locals. The weather vane only requires a 5 knot wind to rotate.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A notably tall weathervane is located in <a href="Westlock" title="Westlock">Westlock</a>, <a href="Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>. The classic weather vane that reaches to 59 feet (18 m) is topped by a 1942 Case Model D Tractor. This landmark is located at the Canadian Tractor Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slang_term">Slang term</h2></div>

<p>The term "weather vane" is also a <a href="Slang_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Slang word">slang word</a> for a politician who has frequent changes of opinion. The <a href="National_Assembly_of_Quebec" title="National Assembly of Quebec">National Assembly of Quebec</a> has banned the use of this slang term as an insult after its use by members of the legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

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</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Weather vanes</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="nochecker bordered-images whitebg gallery mw-gallery-traditional">

<div class="gallerytext">The <a href="Gallo_di_Ramperto" title="Gallo di Ramperto">Gallo di Ramperto</a>, <a href="Museo_di_Santa_Giulia" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo di Santa Giulia">Museo di Santa Giulia</a> in <a href="Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> (Italy), the oldest surviving weather vane in the shape of a rooster in the world</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Weather vane in the shape of a <a href="Pelican" title="Pelican">pelican</a> and bell on the roof of the Cathedral Saint-Étienne of <a href="Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (France)</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Creuë gibbet weather vane dating from the 17th century (France)</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Weather vanes on the <a href="Tallinn_Town_Hall" title="Tallinn Town Hall">Tallinn Town Hall</a>, the taller one is the iconic <a href="Old_Thomas" title="Old Thomas">Old Thomas</a></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Weather vane with dial, <a href="New_Register_House" title="New Register House">New Register House</a>, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Admiralty boardroom, 1808; a wind indicator can be seen on the end wall.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Tío Pepe weather vane in <a href="Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez</a>, <a href="Guinness_world_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness world record">Guinness world record</a> of the largest weather vane that works</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">The Douglas DC-3 that now serves as a weather vane at <a href="Yukon_Transportation_Museum" title="Yukon Transportation Museum">Yukon Transportation Museum</a> located beside the Whitehorse International Airport.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A "<a href="Jin-pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin-pole">jin-pole</a>" being used to install a weather vane atop the 61 m (200 ft) steeple of a church in Kingston, New York.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Weathercock with verdigris patina</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Huge weather vane in <a href="Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> is among the largest in Europe</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Weather vane (video)</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Whirligig" title="Whirligig">Whirligig</a> weather vane at the <a href="Minnesota_History_Center" title="Minnesota History Center">Minnesota History Center</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Weathercock on the former Thomas house, Kobe, Japan</div>

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</ul></div></div></div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_weather_instruments" title="List of weather instruments">List of weather instruments</a></li>

<li><a href="Weather_station" title="Weather station">Weather station</a></li>

<li><a href="Windsock" title="Windsock">Windsock</a>, in aviation</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir Frank Stenton (ed) et al., <i>The Bayeux Tapestry. A comprehensive survey</i> London: Phaidon, 1957 revised 1965.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&hl=en&q=Shepard+Walsh+%22derived+from+the+Goths%22">William Shepard Walsh, <i>A Handy Book of Curious Information</i></a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013031020/https://historylondon.wordpress.com/2013/12/30/vanity-and-wind/">"History of London: Vanity and Wind"</a>. Wordpress. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historylondon.wordpress.com/2013/12/30/vanity-and-wind/">the original</a> on 13 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlawrencejewry.org.uk/photos.php?pgid=2&photoid=1278087163">"Our Weather Vane"</a>. St Lawrence Jewry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goytm.ca">goytm.ca</a></span>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation cs2">Bishop, Robert; Coblentz, Patricia (1981), <i>A Gallery of American Weather Vanes and Whirligigs</i>, New York: Dutton, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780525931515</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Burnell, Marcia (1991), <i>Heritage Above: a tribute to Maine's tradition of weather vanes</i>, Camden, ME: Down East Books, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780892722785</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Crépeau, Pierre; Portelance, Pauline (1990), <i>Pointing at the Wind: the weather-vane collection of the Canadian Museum of Civilization</i>, Hull, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780660129044</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald1967" class="citation book cs1">Fitzgerald, Ken (1967). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/weathervaneswhir00fitz"><i>Weathervanes & Whirligigs</i></a></span>. New York: C. N. Potter.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Kaye, Myrna (1975), <i>Yankee Weathervanes</i>, New York: Dutton, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780525238591</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Klamkin, Charles (1973), <i>Weather Vanes: The history, design and manufacture of an American folk art</i>, New York: Hawthorn Books, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/756017">756017</a></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Lane Arts Council (Or.) (1994), <i>Whirligigs & Weathervanes</i>, Eugene, OR: Visual Arts Resources, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33052846">33052846</a></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Lynch, Kenneth; Crowell, Andrew Durkee (1971), <i>Weathervanes</i>, Architectural Handbook series, Canterbury, CN: Canterbury Publishing Company, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1945107">1945107</a></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Messent, Claude John Wilson (1937), <i>The Weather Vanes of Norfolk & Norwich</i>, Norwich: Fletcher & Son Limited, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5318669">5318669</a></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Miller, Steve (1984), <i>The Art of the Weathervane</i>, Exton, PA: Schiffer Pub., <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780887400056</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Mockridge, Patricia; Mockridge, Philip (1990), <i>Weather Vanes of Great Britain</i>, London: Hale, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780709037224</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Needham, Albert (1953), <i>English Weather Vanes, their stories and legends from medieval to modern times</i>, Haywards Heath, Sussex: C. Clarke, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1472757">1472757</a></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Nesbitt, Ilse Buchert; Nesbitt, Alexander (1970), <i>Weathercocks and Weathercreatures; some examples of early American folk art from the collection of the Shelburne Museum, Vermont</i>, Newport, RI: Third & Elm Press, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/155708">155708</a></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNeumannParopla1989" class="citation cs2">Neumann, J.; Paropla, S. (1989), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/79699060"><i>Wind Vanes in Ancient Mesopotamia, About 2000-1500 B.C.</i></a>, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPagdin1949" class="citation book cs1">Pagdin, W. E. (1949). <i>The Story of the Weather Cock</i>. Stockton-on-Tees: E. Appleby.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Reaveley, Mabel E.; Kunhardt, Priscilla (1984), <i>Weathervane Secrets</i>, Dublin, NH: W. L. Bauhan, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780872330757</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Westervelt, A. B.; Westervelt, W. T. (1982), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3CXyEllQ8VEC"><i>American Antique Weather Vanes: The Complete Illustrated Westervelt Catalog of 1883</i></a>, New York: Dover, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780486243962</bdi></cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Weather_vanes" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Weather vanes">Weather vanes</a> at Wikimedia Commons

</p>

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</style><div id="Earth-based_meteorological_equipment_and_instrumentation91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Earth-based <a href="Meteorological_instrumentation" title="Meteorological instrumentation">meteorological equipment and instrumentation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anemometer" title="Anemometer">Anemometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Atmometer" title="Atmometer">Atmometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Barograph" title="Barograph">Barograph</a></li>

<li><a href="Barometer" title="Barometer">Barometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceiling_balloon" title="Ceiling balloon">Ceiling balloon</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceiling_projector" title="Ceiling projector">Ceiling projector</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceilometer" title="Ceilometer">Ceilometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Dark_adaptor_goggles" title="Dark adaptor goggles">Dark adaptor goggles</a></li>

<li><a href="Dewcell" title="Dewcell">Dewcell</a></li>

<li><a href="Disdrometer" title="Disdrometer">Disdrometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Dropsonde" title="Dropsonde">Dropsonde</a></li>

<li><a href="Field_mill" title="Field mill">Field mill</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_flux_sensor" title="Heat flux sensor">Heat flux sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Hygrometer" title="Hygrometer">Hygrometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Ice_accretion_indicator" title="Ice accretion indicator">Ice accretion indicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Atmospheric_lidar" title="Atmospheric lidar">Lidar</a></li>

<li><a href="Lightning_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightning detection">Lightning detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Nephelometer" title="Nephelometer">Nephelometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Nephoscope" title="Nephoscope">Nephoscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Pan_evaporation" title="Pan evaporation">Pan evaporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyranometer" title="Pyranometer">Pyranometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyrheliometer" title="Pyrheliometer">Pyrheliometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Present_weather_sensor" title="Present weather sensor">Present weather sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiosonde" title="Radiosonde">Radiosonde</a></li>

<li><a href="Rain_gauge" title="Rain gauge">Rain gauge</a></li>

<li><a href="Snow_gauge" title="Snow gauge">Snow gauge</a></li>

<li><a href="Snowboard_(meteorology)" title="Snowboard (meteorology)">Snowboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Snow_pillow" title="Snow pillow">Snow pillow</a></li>

<li><a href="SODAR" class="mw-redirect" title="SODAR">SODAR</a></li>

<li><a href="Solarimeter" title="Solarimeter">Solarimeter</a></li>

<li><a href="Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">Sounding rocket</a></li>

<li><a href="Stevenson_screen" title="Stevenson screen">Stevenson screen</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunshine_recorder" title="Sunshine recorder">Sunshine recorder</a></li>

<li><a href="Tethersonde" title="Tethersonde">Tethersonde</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermo-hygrograph" title="Thermo-hygrograph">Thermo-hygrograph</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermometer" title="Thermometer">Thermometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Tide_gauge" title="Tide gauge">Tide gauge</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmissometer" title="Transmissometer">Transmissometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Weather_balloon" title="Weather balloon">Weather balloon</a></li>

<li><a href="Weather_buoy" title="Weather buoy">Weather buoy</a></li>

<li><a href="Weather_radar" title="Weather radar">Weather radar</a></li>

<li><a href="Whole_sky_camera" title="Whole sky camera">Whole sky camera</a></li>

<li><a href="Wind_profiler" title="Wind profiler">Wind profiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Windsock" title="Windsock">Windsock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lawn_and_garden_ornaments111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Lawn_and_garden_ornaments111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lawn_ornament" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawn ornament">Lawn</a> and <a href="Garden_ornament" title="Garden ornament">garden ornaments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Lawn_ornament" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawn ornament">Lawn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Bathtub_Madonna" title="Bathtub Madonna">Bathtub Madonna</a></li>

<li><a href="Concrete_Aboriginal" title="Concrete Aboriginal">Concrete Aboriginal</a></li>

<li><a href="Concrete_goose" title="Concrete goose">Concrete goose</a></li>

<li><a href="Garden_gnome" title="Garden gnome">Garden gnome</a></li>

<li><a href="Lawn_jockey" title="Lawn jockey">Lawn jockey</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_flamingo" title="Plastic flamingo">Plastic flamingo</a></li>

<li><a href="Skelly_(Halloween_decoration)" title="Skelly (Halloween decoration)">Skelly</a></li>

<li><a href="Suncatcher" title="Suncatcher">Suncatcher</a></li>

<li><a href="Whirligig" title="Whirligig">Whirligig</a></li>

<li><a href="Yard_globe" title="Yard globe">Yard globe</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Garden_ornament" title="Garden ornament">Garden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fairy_door" title="Fairy door">Fairy door</a></li>

<li><a href="Flower_box" title="Flower box">Flower box</a>

<ul><li><a href="Window_box" title="Window box">Window box</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Eyecatcher_(landscape)" title="Eyecatcher (landscape)">Eyecatcher</a></li>

<li><a href="Folly" title="Folly">Folly</a></li>

<li><a href="Garden_furniture" title="Garden furniture">Garden furniture</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanging_basket" title="Hanging basket">Hanging basket</a></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_lighting" title="Landscape lighting">Landscape lighting</a></li>

<li><a href="Outdoor_fireplace" title="Outdoor fireplace">Outdoor fireplace</a></li>

<li><a href="Rain_chain" title="Rain chain">Rain chain</a></li>

<li><a href="Garden_sculpture" title="Garden sculpture">Sculpture</a></li>

<li><a href="Suikinkutsu" title="Suikinkutsu">Suikinkutsu</a></li>

<li><a href="Sundial" title="Sundial">Sundial</a></li>

<li><a href="Topiary" title="Topiary">Topiary</a></li>

<li><a href="Wind_chime" title="Wind chime">Wind chime</a></li>

<li><a href="Wishing_well" title="Wishing well">Wishing well</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roofs57" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Roofs57" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Roof" title="Roof">Roofs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_roof_shapes" title="List of roof shapes">Roof shapes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Arched roof</li>

<li><a href="Barrel_roof" title="Barrel roof">Barrel roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Board_roof" title="Board roof">Board roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Bochka_roof" title="Bochka roof">Bochka roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Butterfly_roof" title="Butterfly roof">Butterfly roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Clerestory" title="Clerestory">Clerestory</a></li>

<li><a href="Conical_roof" title="Conical roof">Conical roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Gable_roof" title="Gable roof">Gable roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Gablet_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Gablet roof">Gablet roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Gambrel" title="Gambrel">Gambrel roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Half-hipped_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-hipped roof">Half-hipped roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Onion_dome" title="Onion dome">Onion dome</a></li>

<li><a href="Mansard_roof" title="Mansard roof">Mansard roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Pavilion_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavilion roof">Pavilion roof</a></li>

<li>Rhombic roof</li>

<li>Ridged roof</li>

<li><a href="Saddle_roof" title="Saddle roof">Saddle roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Saw-tooth_roof" title="Saw-tooth roof">Sawtooth roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Tented_roof" title="Tented roof">Tented roof</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roof elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">Air conditioning unit</a></li>

<li><a href="Attic" title="Attic">Attic</a></li>

<li><a href="Shed_roof" title="Shed roof">Catslide</a></li>

<li><a href="Chimney" title="Chimney">Chimney</a></li>

<li><a href="Collar_beam" title="Collar beam">Collar beam</a></li>

<li><a href="Dormer" title="Dormer">Dormer</a></li>

<li><a href="Eaves" title="Eaves">Eaves</a></li>

<li><a href="Flashing_(weatherproofing)" title="Flashing (weatherproofing)">Flashing</a></li>

<li><a href="Gable" title="Gable">Gable</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_roof" title="Green roof">Green roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Rain_gutter" title="Rain gutter">Gutter</a></li>

<li>Hanging beam</li>

<li><a href="Joist" title="Joist">Joist</a></li>

<li><a href="Lightning_rod" title="Lightning rod">Lightning rod</a></li>

<li><a href="Purlin" title="Purlin">Purlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Rafter" title="Rafter">Rafter</a></li>

<li><a href="Ridge_vent" title="Ridge vent">Ridge vent</a></li>

<li>Roof batten</li>

<li><a href="Roof_garden" title="Roof garden">Roof garden</a></li>

<li>Roofline</li>

<li><a href="Roof" title="Roof">Roof ridge</a></li>

<li>Roof sheeting</li>

<li><a href="Roof_tiles" title="Roof tiles">Roof tiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Timber_roof_truss" title="Timber roof truss">Roof truss</a></li>

<li><a href="Roof_window" title="Roof window">Roof window</a></li>

<li><a href="Roof_shingle" title="Roof shingle">Shingles</a></li>

<li><a href="Skylight" title="Skylight">Skylight</a></li>

<li><a href="Soffit" title="Soffit">Soffit</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">Solar panels</a></li>

<li><a href="Spire" title="Spire">Spire</a></li>

<li><a href="Wind_brace" title="Wind brace">Wind brace</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524738#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1343" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524738#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1343" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4137639-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Weather vanes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85145859">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Girouettes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11968576n">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Girouettes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11968576n">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007553651705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/6e2f954a-593b-4c9b-b5af-ee688bdea347">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-14" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Weather_vane&oldid=1300529702">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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